Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)
RACGP guideline
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Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), particularly focusing on the highly lethal form known as gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis. This rapidly advancing condition is primarily caused by toxin-producing Clostridium species, with the hallmark of the infection often being the presence of gas production within the deep soft tissues. Recognizing key “red flags,” such as pain disproportionate to the injury, is essential because management requires urgent intervention, centered on immediate and aggressive surgical debridement coupled with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. The literature highlights that survival rates are further improved by utilizing adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which helps inhibit bacterial toxin synthesis and aids tissue healing. While timely, multidisciplinary treatment can dramatically lower the fatality rate, survivors often face challenging rehabilitation and long-term physical and psychological complications dueencing extensive tissue loss.